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There have been debates:
There has been considerable debate on the conceptualization and operationalization of resilience (Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000), with some researchers promoting individualistic qualities that reinforce westernized ideals of psychological development (Hartling, 2008), while others focus more on a social ecology perspective that highlights the reciprocal person-environment relationship as part of a family, community, government system (Ungar, 2012).
In the context of my research, I define resilience as:
As an action-oriented approach (Everly & Lating, 2013) to navigating psychological and environmental obstacles that lead to feelings of well-being and meaning by identifying health-sustaining resources emerging from the interconnectedness of the individual’s family, community and culture (Ungar, 2008).
How does culture play a role?
A person’s social and physical ecology is more likely to account for the variance in stress response and resilience development rather than individual traits (Ungar, 2012). The interaction of culture, context, and environment impacts how resilience is fostered and manifested over time (Graber, Pichon & Carabine, 2015) accounting fora more process oriented versus individualized understanding of resilience (Ungar, 2011).
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